Установка септика под домом: Установка септика своими руками. Правила установки в частном доме и на даче

Накопительный септик для дачи. Рекомендации по установке под ключ.

Как рассчитать объем септика?

Чтобы рассчитать оптимальную вместительность принимающей емкости нужно ориентироваться на нормы потребления воды за сутки на одного жильца. Если в доме установлен стандартный набор сантехники один человек за сутки в среднем тратит около 200 литров. По нормативам СанПиНа септики накопительного типа должны вмещать три суточные нормы каждого из жильцов.

Путем несложных расчетов можно определить минимальный объем резервуара для семьи из пяти человек:

5 х 200 х 3 = 3, 0 м³

Если в доме часто бывают гости, то при расчетах нужно к полученному числу добавить 30%.

Не стоит покупать слишком большую емкость в надежде сэкономить на вызове ассенизаторов. Резервуары бо́льшей вместительности имеют и бо́льшую глубину. Чтобы не возникало проблем при откачке стоков ассенизаторской техникой глубина вертикального накопительного септика для дома или для дачи непостоянного проживания не должна превышать 3 метров.

Высокий уровень грунтовых вод

Если по результатам геологических исследований выявлены высокие грунтовые воды, это не помешает в установке накопительного септика, так как такие резервуары полностью герметичны. Однако несмотря на надежность и прочность таких накопителей их нельзя заглублять в землю рядом с колодцами, скважинами, искусственными или естественными водоемами.

Преимущества заводских септиков перед самодельными

Резервуары, изготовленные своими руками, обойдутся дешевле заводских моделей. Но стоит учитывать, что на строительство бетонного или кирпичного колодца уйдет немало времени.

Выбрав заводской пластиковый или стеклопластиковый накопительный септик можно быть уверенным, что изделие соответствует строительным и санитарным нормам.

Популярные модели накопительных септиков

Накопительные септики «Термит», «Барс», «Танк» используют для фильтрации сточных вод. Они имеют довольно простую конструкцию. Такое устройство представляет собой емкость, которая разделена на отсеки. Стоки, проходя через несколько камер, очищаются на 85%. Накопитель состоит из:

• Накопительного бака. Внутри него происходит первичная обработка.
• Бактериального фильтра. Он отвечает за более тонкую фильтрацию.
• Переливного патрубка. С его помощью камеры соединяются между собой.

Принцип работы таких септиков:

• Сточные воды попадают в первый резервуар, где твердые частицы выпадают в осадок.
• По переливному патрубку жидкость поступает в бактериальный фильтр.
• При помощи анаэробных бактерий происходит очистка сточных вод.
• Пройдя через фильтр вода подается в оросительную камеру.

Таким образом вода, пройдя через все отсеки, очищается на 60-70%. Грунтовая дофильтрация позволяет довести уровень очистки стоков до 95% и сделать их безопасными для окружающей среды.

Плюсы использования заводских моделей:

• устройства автономны, их работа не зависит от наличия внешних источников энергии;
• большой выбор моделей позволяет подобрать устройство, которое подходит для потребностей конкретного дома и семьи;
• большинство моделей оснащены мощным промывным фильтром, который не нужно постоянно менять;
• для изготовления бесшовного корпуса используется стеклопластик, а также прочные модификации пластика;
• при соблюдении правил эксплуатации септик прослужит не меньше 50 лет.

Минусы:

• в системе не предусмотрена глубокая очистка, которая устраняет запахи;
• при использовании изделий прямоугольной формы наблюдается нарастание напряжения на углах, что ведет к пригибанию стенок;
• раз в год требуется очищать первый гравитационный отсек.

90000 How to Run a Septic Tank Line From Your House | Home Guides 90001 90002 By Chris Deziel Updated December 19, 2018 90003 90002 It takes two runs of pipe to make a septic system. The first extends from the house the system services to the tank, where the waste separates and solids settle out. The second extends from the tank to the drainage field, where fluids from the tank disperse into the ground. Installing the first run of pipe is similar to installing a conventional sewer pipe.It must maintain a downward slope to the tank. 90003 90006 Locating the Septic Tank 90007 90002 The tank is the heart of the septic system. It needs to be located between the house and the drainage field. A soil test is a required part of every septic installation, and soil conditions may require placement of a tank in a less-than-optimal location for digging sewer lines. Moreover, you must observe minimum setback distances from property lines, operating wells, surface water and other obstacles.Because the tank inlet pipe slopes toward the tank, the farther the tank is from the house, the deeper in the ground you have to dig it. 90003 90010 Tank Depth 90007 90002 A typical septic tank has a 4-inch inlet located at the top. The pipe that connects to it must maintain a 1/4-inch-per-foot slope toward it from the house. This means that for every 10 feet of distance between the tank and the house, the inlet must be 2 1/2 inches below the point at which the pipe exits the house. The pipe typically exits at ground level, but sometimes it has to pass under a foundation footing or concrete pad.Because that pipe can never reverse its slope, the depth of the bottom of the footing or pad determines the depth of the tank. 90003 90014 Digging the Trench 90007 90002 It’s often easiest to dig the trench for the septic pipe before you dig the hole for the tank; you need a backhoe to do the job, and the tank gets in the way if it’s already in the ground. The pipe should sit on a 2 or 3-inch bed of drain rock to allow rainwater to drain, so take this extra depth into account when digging.Four-inch pipe is standard, and it should extend far enough under the house to connect with the main soil stack, which is a 3-inch pipe that extends vertically past the main bathroom and through the roof. 90003 90018 Precautions 90007 90002 A septic tank installation requires permits from the local building departments and health departments, and you will have to submit a design plan before the permits will be issued. It’s best to draw up that plan in conjunction with a local builder who understands the idiosyncrasies of the terrain in your area.Avoid placing the tank, drainage field or any of the pipes near trees or bushes. Their roots will be attracted to the pipes and can effectively block them in a search for nutrients. Once roots are established in the pipe, you septic system will not work until they are removed. Removal can be costly and troublesome. 90003.90000 What You Need To Know About Septic Systems in Ontario 90001 90002 90003 90004 90002 Planning to purchase a lot to build a home in Ontario? 90004 90007 Before you do anything else, check if a public sewer system is available? If not, you will need a septic system to treat and dispose of sewage from the home you plan to build. 90008 90007 What type of septic system you will need, how it will be designed and constructed depends on the particular lot, how much space you have, the characteristics of the surrounding land and the make-up of the soil.90008 90007 Whatever type, all septic systems require careful attention to design, construction, operation, and maintenance. 90008 90007 The septic system typically consists of a septic tank buried in the ground and a drain-field that can fit within the front or back yard of the home-site. 90008 90015 90007 Septic System 90008 90007 Household discharge from the kitchen, bathrooms, and laundry room flow directly into the septic tank where the solids are retained and separated from the liquid.The liquid waste flows out of the tank through a series of pipes to where it is slowly released into the leaching field where it leaches through the soil and is purified before reaching the groundwater. 90008 90007 The leaching bed is made up of porous materials, such as sand and gravel, and acts as a filter to clean the water before it seeps back into the ground. 90008 90022 90007 septic-tank 90008 90007 Light solids, such as soap suds and fat, float to the top and form a scum layer. This layer remains on top and gradually thickens until you have the tank cleaned.90008 90002 Unfortunately, not all soils can absorb wastewater or purify it. 90004 90007 Septic systems that are installed in unsuitable soils usually malfunction by leaking raw, untreated sewage to the surface of the ground or a roadside ditch, or by contaminating the groundwater. The sewage may contain deadly bacteria and viruses. 90008 90007 It can be expensive to remedy the odor problems and potential health hazards that result from the use of septic systems in unsuitable soil. 90008 90007 Because of that, the Ontario Building Code requires an expansive soil and site assessment by the local health department to determine the suitability of the soils and topography of the lot.90008 90035 90007 Setbacks For Septic in Ontario 90008 90002 Reviewing the Lot 90004 90007 If a septic system is needed, walk over the lot and look for indications of soil problems or site limitations that could affect the performance of a septic system. 90008 90007 90043 Consider the following before you purchase a lot: 90044 90008 90046 90047 Is there enough space on the lot for the home, the septic system, and water well (if needed)? 90048 90047 Is the land next to a stream or river that could flood it? 90048 90047 Does the area seem wet and swampy? 90048 90047 Is there a bedrock that can interfere with the septic system? 90048 90047 Determine the type of soil on the lot by digging a two 5 foot holes where your field is to be situated 90048 90047 Find out what type of septic system, if any, will work on those soils.90048 90047 Obtain a cost estimate for installing the kind of septic system you need. 90048 90047 Ask about the operating requirements and maintenance costs for the system. 90048 90047 Your well and all neighbors ‘wells should be 100 feet or further from the septic system. 90048 90047 There must also be enough land for a «repair area» that can be used if the system needs expansion or replacement in the future. 90048 90067 90002 Septic Systems in Ontario 90004 90007 Part 8: «Sewage Systems» of the Ontario Building Code (OBC) regulates the design, construction, operation and maintenance of on-site septic systems for most single-family homes.In most areas, the local municipality’s Building Department examines plans, issues permits, and does inspections for systems regulated under the OBC. In some regions, this approval responsibility has been delegated to local Conservation Authorities or Health Units. The Municipal Building Department will be able to redirect inquiries. 90008 90007 Proper approvals under the OBC must be obtained by the homeowner before installing any of the suggestions for improving system performance. 90008 90007 90043 The capacity of the Septic System 90044 90008 90007 The two primary elements that command the size and complexity of a system in Ontario are the maximum amount of wastewater that the building could produce on a daily basis, and soil / site conditions.90008 90007 Case in point; a small one-bedroom / one-bathroom house would have a maximum daily flow rate of about 750 liters. If that system were being located in soils with a high absorption rate, then the system could be quite small and be installed at a reasonable cost. 90008 90007 On the other hand, if it is a huge five bedrooms home with a maximum daily flow rate of 2500 Liters and clay soil (which can only absorb 4 liters, per square meter, per day) then the cost could be enormous because a lot of sand would need to be trucked in.90008 90007 It is almost impossible to determine how much a septic system is going to cost without visiting the property to assess the available space, access for large equipment, cleanup needs, etc. 90008 90007 90043 The capacity of Septic System in Ontario Explained 90044 90008 90002 Types of Septic Systems 90004 90007 The kinds of soil and site conditions on the land determine whether the local health department can issue a septic permit, as well as the type of septic system needed there.90008 90007 The conventional septic system, with a septic tank and a number of trenches buried 2 to 3 feet deep, is used at almost one-half of the homesites with septic systems in Ontario. 90008 90007 It works well in brightly colored (red or brown), thick, loamy-textured soils with deep water tables. This type of system is relatively inexpensive; the average installation cost ranges from $ 7,500 to $ 10,000. 90008 90007 On some soils that are too wet or too shallow for a conventional septic system, a modified standard system or an alternative septic system may be used.90008 90002 90101 90004 90002 Advanced Treatment Systems — Alternative Septic System 90004 90007 If a conventional system can not be used, you may wish to determine the installation cost and maintenance costs of the alternative septic system that can be used. 90008 90007 90043 Advantages of alternative systems: 90044 90008 90046 90047 used on sites not suited for conventional septic systems 90048 90047 need much smaller septic fields 90048 90047 have the potential to remove significantly more bacteria and organic material than a conventional septic system 90048 90047 may extend the life of an existing leaching bed 90048 90047 take up less room in the yard 90048 90047 may reduce nutrient output (depending on the type) 90048 90067 90007 90043 Disadvantages 90044 90008 90046 90047 more expensive to purchase and install 90048 90047 are more costly to operate than a conventional septic system (electrical costs, media replacement) 90048 90047 includes more mechanical parts that can break down or need replacement 90048 90047 requires mandatory maintenance (increases costs) 90048 90067 90002 You may want to consider alternative septic systems when: 90004 90046 90047 coping with lots with inadequate conditions for conventional systems 90048 90047 dealing with lots that can not accommodate the size of a regular bed 90048 90047 replacing an old failed septic system 90048 90047 building on hard-to-access lots where transporting materials for conventional systems is costly and difficult 90048 90047 if you want to provide additional nitrate reduction that some of the advanced treatment systems provide 90048 90067 90002 There are many soils that are not suitable for an alternative septic system either.90004 90007 For these reasons, it is in your best interest to determine the suitability of a lot for a particular kind of septic system before purchasing the lot. If you can use a conventional system, ask about any modifications to the system or to the site that may increase the installation cost. 90008 90007 Also, ask whether the approval affects the number of bedrooms that can be built in the home, or the location of the house, driveway, or a swimming pool. 90008 90007 In any case, it is a good idea to make the purchase of a building lot conditional upon the issuance of a permit for a particular type of septic system.90008 90007 Septic System Cost — Ontario 90008 90007 90043 More On Septic Systems Below: 90044 90008.90000 Tips for homeowners using a septic tank or cesspit 90001 90002 Clear muck — without spending too much of your brass: Tips for homeowners using a septic tank or cesspit 90003 90004 90005 90006 Homes not on main sewage do not have to pay various fees 90007 90008 90005 90006 But any savings are gobbled up by the cost of treating waste 90007 90008 90005 90006 Various companies serve the 3.5 million people not on mains sewerage 90007 90008 90017 90018 By Toby Walne, Financial Mail on Sunday 90019 90018 Published: 90021 21:24 BST, 26 May 2018 90022 | Updated: 90023 12:27 BST, 27 May 2018 90022 90019 90018 Where there’s muck there’s brass — especially for companies serving the 3.5 million people not on mains sewerage but using a septic tank or cesspit. 90019 90018 The annual bill for living with your own sewage system is usually at least £ 100 — the cost of emptying the pit. On top are maintenance and installation fees that can cost you £ 5,000 or more. 90019 90018 The average water bill for all homes in Britain is £ 405 a year. This total is made up of two parts, of which at least £ 200 goes on handling sewage. Homes not on main sewage do not pay this fee. 90019 90032 90032 90018 Expert: Steve Lewis, of LTH, uses a 1,000-gallon truck to empty sewage 90019 90018 But any savings are gobbled up by the cost of treating your own waste.90019 90018 Tough new rules introduced three years ago by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs means any new systems must not pollute the land. 90019 90018 Steve Lewis is a sewage expert, based in Little Canfield, Essex. He says: ‘People, understandably, do not like to dwell on their waste needs — so are often in the dark as to the best and most cost-effective way to deal with their sewage. 90019 90018 ‘Yet the servicing of septic tanks and cesspits is an industry that relies on offering good customer service for repeat business.Local providers have a reputation to uphold in their community and are often the best first port of call. ‘90019 90044 90044 90018 Thick of it: Steve gets to work at writer Toby Walne’s house 90019 90048 From reed beds to cesspits, the ways to drain your waste 90049 90018 Septic tank: A tank buried in the garden that runs into an attached soakaway. Although traditionally the most popular option, new pollution rules mean such systems are no longer so common — though if you already use one it is not affected by recent legislation.If you need to repair or replace the tank in the future, you will have to invest in a large hygienic soakaway system that must be well maintained. The tank is often emptied once a year. 90019 90018 Installation: From £ 5,000 Yearly cost: At least £ 100 90019 90018 Aerated sewage tank: Waste goes into a tank where it is aerated — with oxygen-breathing bacteria breaking down dirty sewage. Treated sewage then leads off into an irrigation soakaway. Alternatives include rotational machines as well as non-powered filtering systems.Often includes a blower and pump that works around the clock — using £ 50 of electricity a year. Prone to occasional breakdown so a regular service is often advisable — but it can cost hundreds of pounds. 90019 90018 Installation: From £ 5,000 Yearly cost: At least £ 150 90019 90018 Cesspit: A huge tank buried in the ground that collects sewage and dirty water waste. The only way it can escape is usually by being taken away by tanker. We each use on average 150 litres of water a day — so in theory a family of four could call out a tanker once a month to have it emptied.But old-fashioned cesspits were often built of brick so that waste naturally seeped out into the ground. Households with these can limit emptying to once a year. 90019 90018 Installation: From £ 5,000 Yearly cost: Up to £ 1,000 90019 90018 Reed bed: The common reed has the ability to transfer oxygen out through its roots if laid in a gravel bed. The plant can help digest pollutants in sewage. Often used as a secondary treatment for drainage coming out of a septic tank. Usually requires pumps and reed maintenance plus additional soakaway area.90019 90018 Installation: From £ 10,000 Yearly cost: Often £ 500 90019 90018 Steve runs his firm Luxury Toilet Hire with wife Sharon and son Richie. He visits at least half a dozen homes a day emptying sewage using a 1,000-gallon truck. 90019 90018 He says: ‘We use a small vehicle because in a rural community tanks can be hard to reach at the back of a garden. A big tanker can struggle down rural lanes. 90019 90018 ‘Wearing fancy hard hats and high visibility jackets looks professional but it is often just for show.What is most important for the consumer is to receive a clean and efficient service. Picking someone you trust is invaluable in the case of an emergency — for example, if drainage gets blocked or a pump breaks. ‘90019 90018 The 57-year-old former accountant charges £ 110 to empty a sewage tank — a task he recommends undertaking at least once a year no matter what system has been installed. 90019 90074 90074 90018 The common reed has the ability to transfer oxygen out through its roots if laid in a gravel bed 90019 90018 Standalone cesspits may require more frequent emptying while a septic or aerated treatment tank also needs emptying despite a soak-away as slurry builds up that must be removed.90019 90018 He also points out that problems can occur due to a build-up of fatty deposits from kitchen waste that can block pipes. Homeowners should not pour melted animal fat down the sink but leave at the side in a container to solidify and later throw in a bin with general waste. 90019 90048 £ 1,000 to keep a sweet smell at home 90049 90018 When my family moved to the countryside five years ago, we were welcomed by a waft — not of manure but essence of human excrement, writes Toby Walne.90019 90018 It turned out we had been left with a broken Klargester. It was hidden under a large green plastic lid in the garden, storing and treating raw sewage that drained into the surrounding countryside without causing pollution. 90019 90018 The ‘blower’ that aerated waste was broken. I found the paperwork and discovered Kingspan had installed it. I paid £ 100 to have the sludge removed and another £ 200 for a new pump. On top, I paid for someone to come out. I also forked out about £ 300 for a ‘gold’ contract, entitling me to a 30 per cent reduction in the price of labour and parts.A year later, I cancelled — assuming that having handed over £ 600 I would be safe. 90019 90018 Roll on four years and that sweet countryside smell was back. The blower was not working so I paid £ 110 to Luxury Toilet Hire for an annual clean and contacted local firm Fyfe Wilson of Bishop’s Stortford, in Hertfordshire, to fit a reconditioned pump for £ 240 — half the price of a new one. 90019 90018 But the tank began filling up fast so a week later another £ 110 clean- out was required. The engineer returned.The pump had accidentally been turned off. 90019 90018 Most modern systems include a septic tank dug at the bottom of the garden where sewage is naturally treated by an aeration system where microbes break down the waste. It then drains or is pumped into soakaway chambers deep in the ground. 90019 90018 If you already had a septic tank prior to 2015 it need not be adapted unless it has to be repaired or replaced at some stage. 90019 90018 The latest equipment, such as the Klargester by Kingspan, Balmoral and Clearwater, enables homes to have their waste digested by bacteria in a variety of ways — turning or mixing it with air.But such equipment often requires mechanical elements such as blowers and pumps to work 24 hours a day. It means that occasional breakdowns can be expected and servicing might be advised. 90019 90018 You could spend at least £ 2,000 on such a new system — plus a further £ 2,000 to have it installed. A required soakaway adds £ 1,000 or more to the bill. 90019 90018 Paul Sloan, of Kingspan, says: ‘To ensure the smooth running of a system offering sewage treatment, regular service is advised. A good way to pay is via an annual contract.It may seem expensive but it means that should unexpected problems arise you have already paid for it. ‘90019 90018 For example, Kingspan charges £ 440 a year for a’ gold ‘contract — with costs spread out via monthly payment. This deal includes ‘free’ parts and call-outs for any problems plus a service check at the end of the year. But to get such a deal you must also pay an extra £ 205 for an ‘initial service visit’ — landing you with a total bill of £ 645. 90019 90018 As expensive as this may sound, the cost of repairs to a typical £ 5,000 system can soon add up.If you do not have a contract with Kingspan, it charges £ 293 for a call-out. On top, you might pay at least £ 180 for replacement parts. 90019 90018 Without a regular service contract, budget at least £ 400 every five years to replace a blower motor or have a pump replaced. This is on top of the £ 100 a year spent on emptying excess sludge — where a tank lorry turns up and sucks up excess mess. 90019.