В частном доме какие батареи поставить: Радиаторы отопления: выбираем подходящий вариант для частного дома, технология монтажа

какие лучше для частного дома, что ставить на деревянной загородной даче, выбор самых лучших батарей

Автономная система отопления частного дома позволяет выбрать любые радиаторы тепла.

Однако важно учесть их характеристики и особенности расположения внутренних помещений, чтобы организовать обогрев дома наиболее экономно и эффективно.

Что учесть при покупке, и какие приборы лучше использовать для автономного отопления?

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Выбор самых лучших радиаторов для частного и загородного дома

Отопление частного сектора отличается от централизованного отсутствием гидроударов и стабильным невысоким давлением.

Оно также различается закрытостью и отсутствием газонасыщения. Поэтому выбор радиаторов для собственного жилья не ограничивается условиями общей системы, а зависит от предпочтений хозяев помещения.

Однако есть технические особенности, которые необходимо учесть при установке тех или других видов отопительных батарей. А именно:

• Долговечность и цену отопительного прибора.
• Внешнюю форму, наличие выпирающих рёбер и углов, безопасность и возможность травмирования.
• Размеры помещения и характеристики теплоотдачи отопительного устройства.
• Расчёты необходимого количества тепла и количества секций, площади радиатора отопления.

Также при выборе батарей учитывают их внешний вид и возможность монтажа в систему.

Виды радиаторов отопления

Выделяют несколько видов радиаторов отопления: чугунные, алюминиевые, биметаллические и вакуумные.

Чугунные для кирпичных, каменных, деревянных зданий

Чугунные батареи &md

90000 How Much Should You Put Down On A House? Not 20% 90001 90002 How much do you have to put down on a house? Less than you think 90003 90004 First things first: The idea that you 90005 have 90006 to put 20 percent down on a house is a myth. The average first-time home buyer puts just 6% down. 90007 90004 And certain loan programs allow as little as 3% or even zero down. 90007 90004 In short, you should not think it’s conservative to make a large down payment on a home, or risky to make a small down payment.90007 90004 The right amount depends on your current savings and your home buying goals. 90007 90004 If you can get approved for a house with less money down and become a homeowner sooner, that’s often the right choice. 90007 Verify your low down payment loan eligibility. (Jul 13th, 2020) 90016 90004 90018 In this article 90019 90018 (Skip to …) 90019 90007 90016 90002 90018 How much is a down payment on a house? 90019 90003 90004 How much down payment you need for a house depends on which type of mortgage you get.The most popular mortgage, a conventional loan, starts at 3% to 5% down. On a $ 250,000 house, that’s a $ 7,500- $ 12,500 down payment. FHA loans let you buy with 3.5% down, which would be $ 8,750 on the same house. 90007 90004 To avoid mortgage insurance (which costs extra every month) you need 20% down — or $ 50,000 on a $ 250,000 home. 90007 90004 Some loan types will even let you buy with zero down. The big ones are USDA and VA loans. That means you finance 100% of the home price and put $ 0 toward the purchase price.However, you’ll likely still have to cover some or all of your closing costs with cash. 90007 90004 So, you only 90005 need 90006 to put down around 3-5% in most cases. But that begs the question: How much money 90005 should 90006 you put down? 90007 90002 How much should you put down on a house? 90003 90004 Should you put 20% down on a house, even though it’s not required? In many cases, the answer is no. In fact, most people put only 6-12% down. But the right amount depends on your situation.90007 90004 For instance: If you have a lot of money saved up in the bank, but relatively low annual income, making the biggest down payment possible can be smart. That’s because, with a large down payment, your loan size shrinks. This reduces the size of your monthly payment. 90007 90004 Or, maybe your situation is reversed. 90007 90004 Maybe you may have a good household income but very little saved in the bank. In this instance, it may be best to use a low- or no-down-payment loan, while planning to cancel your mortgage insurance at some point in the future.90007 90004 At the end of the day, the «right» downpayment depends on your finances and the home you plan to buy. 90007 Compare loan options today (Jul 13th, 2020) 90002 When a bigger down payment helps you 90003 90004 A large down payment helps you afford more house with the same payment. Say a buyer wants to spend $ 1,000 per month for principal, interest, and mortgage insurance (when required). Making a 20% down payment instead of a 3% down payment raises their home buying budget by over $ 100,000 — all while maintaining the same monthly payment.90007 90004 Here’s how much house the homebuyer in this example can purchase at a 4 percent mortgage rate. The home price varies with the amount the buyer puts down. 90007 90058 90059 90060 90061 90018 Down Payment% 90019 90064 90061 90018 DP Dollar Amount 90019 90064 90061 90018 Monthly Payment (Principal & Interest / PMI) 90019 90064 90061 90018 Home Price You Can Afford 90019 90064 90077 90060 90061 3% 90064 90061 $ 4,630 90064 90061 $ 884 / $ 116 90064 90061 90018 $ 154,500 90019 90064 90077 90060 90061 5% 90064 90061 $ 8,780 90064 90061 $ 896 / $ 104 90064 90061 90018 $ 175,500 90019 90064 90077 90060 90061 10% 90064 90061 $ 91,310 90064 90061 $ 913 / $ 87 90064 90061 90018 $ 193,000 90019 90064 90077 90060 90061 20% 90064 90061 $ 52,370 90064 90061 $ 1,000 / $ 0 90064 90061 90018 $ 261,500 90019 90064 90077 90126 90127 90004 Even though a large down payment can help you afford more, by no means should home buyers use their 90005 last dollar 90006 to stretch their down payment level.90007 90004 And, as the charts below show, you do not save a ton of money each month by putting a lot down. 90007 90134 90004 Making a $ 75,000 down payment on a $ 300,000 home, you only save $ 500 per month compared to a zero-down loan. 90007 90002 When a bigger down payment on a house can put you at risk 90003 90004 As a homeowner, it’s likely that your home will be the largest balance sheet asset. Your home may be worth more than all of your other investments combined, even.90007 90004 In this way, your home is both a shelter 90005 and 90006 an investment and should be treated as such. And, once we view our home as an investment, it can guide the decisions we make about our money. 90007 90004 The riskiest decision we can make when purchasing a new home? 90007 90004 Making too 90005 big 90006 of a down payment. 90007 90151 A big down payment will lower your rate of return 90152 90004 The first reason why conservative investors should monitor their down payment size is that the down payment will limit your home’s return on investment.90007 90004 Consider a home which appreciates at the national average of near 5 percent. 90007 90004 Today, your home is worth $ 400,000. In a year, it’s worth $ 420,000. Regardless of your down payment, the home is worth twenty-thousand dollars more. 90007 90004 That down payment affected your rate of return. 90007 90161 90162 With 20% down on the home — $ 80,000 -your rate of return is 25% 90163 90162 With 3% down on the home — $ 12,000 — your rate of return is 167% 90163 90166 90004 That’s a huge difference.90007 90004 However! We must also consider the higher mortgage rate plus mandatory private mortgage insurance which accompanies a conventional 97% LTV loan like this. Low-down-payment loans can cost more each month. 90007 90004 Assuming a 175 basis point (1.75%) bump from rate and PMI combined, then, and ignoring the homeowner’s tax-deductibility, we find that a low-down-payment homeowner pays an extra $ 6,780 per year to live in its home. 90007 90004 Not that it matters. 90007 90004 With three percent down, and making an adjustment for rate and PMI, the rate of return on a low-down-payment loan is 90005 still 105 90006%.90007 90004 The less you put down, then, the larger your potential return on investment. 90007 Check your eligibility for a low down payment loan. (Jul 13th, 2020) 90151 Once you make your down payment, you can not get the monies back easily 90152 90004 When you’re buying a home, there are other down payment considerations, too. 90007 90004 Namely, once you make a down payment, you can not get access to those monies without an effort. 90007 90004 This is because, at the time of purchase, whatever down payment you make on the home gets converted immediately from cash into a different type of asset known as home equity.90007 90004 Home equity is the monetary difference between what your home is worth on paper, and what is owed on it to the bank. 90007 90004 Unlike cash, home equity is an «illiquid asset», which means that it can not be readily accessed or spent. 90007 90004 All things equal, it’s better to hold liquid assets as an investor as compared to 90005 illiquid 90006 assets. In case of an emergency, you can use your liquid assets to relieve some of the pressure. 90007 90004 It’s among the reasons why conservative investors prefer making as small of a down payment as possible.90007 90004 When you make a small down payment, you keep your cash position high, which leaves your portfolio liquid and accessible in the event of a catastrophe. 90007 90004 By contrast, when you make a large down payment, those monies get tied up with the bank. You can only access illiquid home equity via a home loan refinance, or a sale of your home — and both of those options cost money. 90007 90004 Furthermore, both methods take time. 90007 90004 If your household is in a pinch and you need to access your money 90005 now 90006, a refinance requires 21 days at minimum to close but can take as long as 2 months to get finished.Selling your home can take even longer. 90007 90004 It’s nice to make a large down payment because it lowers your monthly payment — you can see that on a mortgage calculator — but when you make a large down payment at the expense of your own liquidity, you put yourself at risk. 90007 90004 Conservative investors know to keep their down payments small. It’s better to be liquid when «life happens» and having access to cash is at a premium. 90007 90151 You’re at risk when your home value drops 90152 90004 A third reason to consider a smaller down payment is the link between the economy and U.S. home prices. 90007 90004 In general, as the U.S. economy improves, home values ​​rise. And, conversely, when the U.S. economy sags, home values ​​sink. 90007 90004 Because of this link between the economy and home values, buyers who make a large down payment find themselves over-exposed to an economic downturn as compared to buyers whose down payments are small. 90007 90004 We can use a real-world example from last decade’s housing market downturn to highlight this type of connection.90007 90004 Consider the purchase of a $ 400,000 home and two home buyers, each with different ideas about how to buy a home. 90007 90004 One buyer is determined to make a twenty percent down payment in order to avoid paying private mortgage insurance to their bank. The other buyer wants to stay as liquid as possible, choosing to use the FHA mortgage program, which allows for a down payment of just 3.5% 90007 90004 At the time of purchase, the first buyer takes $ 80,000 from the bank and converts it to illiquid home equity.The second buyer, using an FHA mortgage, puts $ 14,000 into the home. 90007 90004 Over the next two years, though, the economy takes a turn for the worse. Home values ​​sink and, in some markets, values ​​drop as much as twenty percent. 90007 90004 The buyers ‘homes are now worth $ 320,000 and neither homeowner has a lick of home equity to its name. 90007 90004 However, there’s a big difference in their situations. 90007 90004 To the first buyer — the one who made the large down payment — $ 80,000 has evaporated into the housing market.That money is lost and can not be recouped except through the housing market’s recovery. 90007 90004 To the second buyer, though, only $ 14,000 is gone. Yes, the home is «underwater» at this point, with more money owed on the home than what the home is worth, but that’s a risk that’s on the 90005 bank 90006 and not the borrower. 90007 90004 And, in the event of default, which homeowner do you think the bank would be more likely to foreclose upon? 90007 90004 It’s counter-intuitive, but the buyer who made a large down payment is less likely to get relief during a time of crisis and is more likely to face eviction.90007 90004 Why is this true? Because when a homeowner has at least some equity, the bank’s losses are limited when the home is sold at foreclosure. The homeowner’s twenty percent home equity is already gone, after all, and the remaining losses can be absorbed by the bank. 90007 90004 Foreclosing on an underwater home, by contrast, can lead to great losses. All of the money lost is money lent or lost by the bank. 90007 90004 A conservative buyer will recognize, then, that investment risk increases with the size of down payment.The smaller the down payment, the smaller the risk. 90007 90004 90252 90253 90007 90002 What is a down payment? 90003 90004 In real estate, a down payment is the amount of cash you put towards the purchase of home. 90007 90004 Down payments vary in size and are typically described in percentage terms as compared to the sale price of a home. 90007 90004 For example, if you’re buying a home for $ 400,000, you’re bringing $ 80,000 toward the purchase, your down payment is 20 percent.90007 90004 Similarly, if you brought $ 12,000 cash to your closing, your down payment would be 3%. 90007 90004 The term «down payment» exists because very few people opt to pay for homes using cash. Their down payment is the difference between they buy and what they borrow. 90007 90004 However, you can not just choose your down payment size at random. 90007 90004 Depending on the mortgage program for which you’re applying, there’s going to be a specified minimum down payment amount.90007 90004 For today’s most widely-used purchase mortgage programs, down payment minimum requirements are: 90007 90161 90162 FHA Loan: 3.5% down payment minimum 90163 90162 VA Loan: No down payment required 90163 90162 HomeReady ™ Loan: 3% down minimum 90163 90162 Conventional Loan (with PMI): 3% minimum 90163 90162 Conventional Loan (without PMI): 20% minimum 90163 90162 USDA Loan: No down payment required 90163 90162 Jumbo Loan: 10% down 90163 90166 90004 Remember, though, that these requirements are just the 90290 minimum 90291.As a mortgage borrower, it’s your right to put down as much on a home as you like and, in some cases, it can make sense to put down more. 90007 90004 Purchasing a condo with conventional loan is one such scenario. 90007 90004 are approximately 12.5 basis points (0.125%) lower for loans where the loan-to-value (LTV) is 75% or less. 90007 90004 Putting twenty-five percent down on a condo, therefore, gets you access to lower interest rates so, if you’re putting down 90005 twenty 90006 percent, consider an additional five, too — you’ll get a lower mortgage rate.90007 90004 Making a larger down payment can shrink your costs with FHA loans, too. 90007 90004 Under the new FHA mortgage insurance rules, when you use a 30-year fixed rate FHA mortgage and make a down payment of 3.5 percent, your FHA mortgage insurance premium (MIP) is 0.85% annually. 90007 90004 However, when you increase your down payment to 5 percent, FHA MIP drops to 0.80%. 90007 Verify your low down payment loan eligibility (Jul 13th, 2020) 90002 Increase liquidity with a home equity line of credit 90003 90004 For some home buyers, the thought of making a small down payment is a non-starter — regardless of whether it’s «conservative»; it’s too uncomfortable to put down any less.90007 90004 Thankfully, there’s a way to put twenty percent down on a home and maintain a bit of liquidity. It’s via a product called the Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC). 90007 90004 A Home Equity Line of Credit is a mortgage which functions similar to a credit card: 90007 90161 90162 There is a credit line maximum 90163 90162 You only pay interest on what you borrow 90163 90162 You borrow at any time using a debit card or checks 90163 90166 90004 Also similar to a credit card is that you can borrow up or pay down at any time — managing your credit is entirely up to you.90007 90004 HELOCs are often used as a safety measure; for financial planning. 90007 90004 For example, homeowners making a twenty percent down payment on a home will put an equity line in place to use in case of emergencies. The HELOC does not cost money until you’ve borrowed against it so, in effect, it’s a «free» liquidity tool for homeowners who want it. 90007 90004 To get a home equity line of credit, ask your mortgage lender for a quote. HELOCs are generally available for homeowners whose combined loan-to-value is 90% or less.90007 90004 You can even use a piggyback loan, with no money borrowed on the second lien. 90007 90004 This means that a homeowner buying a $ 400,000 home can borrow 80% for a mortgage, then have another $ 40,000 available to use in emergencies via a HELOC. 90007 90004 Adding a home equity line of credit to your mortgage can help you stay liquid and protect against a crisis. Mortgage rates are often low. 90007 90016 90002 20 percent down payment FAQ 90003 90018 Do I have to put 20% down on a house? 90019 90004 You do not have to put 20 percent down on a house.In fact, the average down payment for first-time buyers is just 90018 7 percent 90019. And there are loan programs that let you put as little as 90018 zero down 90019. However, a smaller down payment means a more expensive mortgage long-term. With less than 20 percent down on a house purchase, you will have a bigger loan and higher monthly payments. You’ll likely also have to pay for 90018 mortgage insurance 90019, which can be expensive. 90007 90018 What is the 20% down rule? 90019 90004 The «20 percent down rule» is really a myth.Typically, mortgage lenders want you to put 20 percent down on a home purchase because it lowers their lending risk. It’s also a «rule» that most programs charge mortgage insurance if you put less than 20 percent down (though 90018 some loans avoid this 90019). But it’s NOT a rule that you must put 20 percent down. Many lenders allow as little as 3 percent down, and buyers qualified for VA or USDA loans can put zero down. 90018 Learn more about low- and no-down payment mortgage options 90019.90007 90018 Is it better to put a large down payment on a house? 90019 90004 It’s not always better to put a large down payment on a house. When it comes to making a down payment, the choice should depend on your own financial goals. It’s better to put 20 percent down if you want the lowest possible interest rate and monthly payment. But if you want to get into a house now, and start building equity, it may be better to buy with a smaller down payment — say 5 to 10 percent down. You might also want to make a small down payment to avoid draining your savings.Remember, you can always 90018 refinance into a lower rate with no mortgage insurance 90019 later on down the road. 90007 90018 How can I avoid PMI without 20% down? 90019 90004 It’s possible to avoid PMI with less than 20% down. If you want to avoid PMI, look for lender-paid mortgage insurance, a piggyback loan, or a bank with special no-PMI loans. But remember, there’s no free lunch. To avoid PMI, you’ll likely have to pay a higher interest rate. And many banks with no-PMI loans have special qualifications, like being a first-time or low-income home buyer.90018 Learn more about how to avoid PMI without 20 percent down 90019. 90007 90018 What are the benefits of putting 20% ​​down on a house? 90019 90004 The biggest benefits of putting 20 percent down on a house are: smaller loan size, lower monthly payments, and no mortgage insurance. For example, imagine you’re buying a house worth $ 300,000 at a 4% interest rate. With 20 percent down and no mortgage insurance, your monthly principal and interest payment comes out to $ 1,150. With 10 percent down and mortgage insurance included, payments jump to $ 1,450 per month.Here, putting 20 percent down instead of 10 saves you $ 300 per month. 90007 90018 Is it OK to put 10% down on a house? 90019 90004 It is absolutely ok to put 10 percent down on a house. In fact, first-time buyers put down 90018 7 percent 90019 on average. Just note that with 10 percent down, you’ll have a higher monthly payment than if you’d put 20 percent down. For example, a $ 300,000 home with a 4% mortgage rate would cost about $ 1,450 per month with 10 percent down, and just $ 1,150 per month with 20 percent down.90007 90018 Do you have to pay PMI with 10% down? 90019 90004 The biggest drawback to putting 10 percent down is that you’ll likely have to pay mortgage insurance. Though if you use an 90018 FHA loan 90019, a 10 percent or higher down payment shortens your mortgage insurance term to 11 years instead of the full loan term. Or you can put just 10% down and avoid mortgage insurance with a «90018 piggyback loan 90019,» which is a second, smaller loan that acts as part of your down payment. Check 90018 our loan calculator 90019 to see how down payment size affects your mortgage costs.90007 90016 90002 What Are Today’s Mortgage Rates? 90003 90004 When you’re planning for a down payment, there are additional considerations beyond «how much can I afford to put down». Consider your down payment in the context of your tolerance for investment risk, as well. 90007 90004 Get today’s live mortgage rates now. Your social security number is not required to get started, and all quotes come with access to your live mortgage credit scores. 90007 Verify your new rate (Jul 13th, 2020) .90000 MIT School of Engineering | »How does a battery work? 90001 90002 How does a battery work? 90003 90004 Your watch, laptop, and laser-pointer are all powered by the same thing: chemistry … 90005 90006 By Mary Bates 90007 90004 There are a lot of different kinds of batteries, but they all function based on the same underlying concept. «A battery is a device that is able to store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, and convert that energy into electricity,» says Antoine Allanore, a postdoctoral associate at MIT’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering.»You can not catch and store electricity, but you can store electrical energy in the chemicals inside a battery.» 90005 90004 There are three main components of a battery: two terminals made of different chemicals (typically metals), the anode and the cathode; and the electrolyte, which separates these terminals. The electrolyte is a chemical medium that allows the flow of electrical charge between the cathode and anode. When a device is connected to a battery — a light bulb or an electric circuit — chemical reactions occur on the electrodes that create a flow of electrical energy to the device.90005 90004 More specifically: during a discharge of electricity, the chemical on the anode releases electrons to the negative terminal and ions in the electrolyte through what’s called an oxidation reaction. Meanwhile, at the positive terminal, the cathode accepts electrons, completing the circuit for the flow of electrons. The electrolyte is there to put the different chemicals of the anode and cathode into contact with one another, in a way that the chemical potential can equilibrate from one terminal to the other, converting stored chemical energy into useful electrical energy.»These two reactions happen simultaneously,» Allanore says. «The ions transport current through the electrolyte while the electrons flow in the external circuit, and that’s what generates an electric current.» 90005 90004 If the battery is disposable, it will produce electricity until it runs out of reactants (same chemical potential on both electrodes). These batteries only work in one direction, transforming chemical energy to electrical energy. But in other types of batteries, the reaction can be reversed.Rechargeable batteries (like the kind in your cellphone or in your car) are designed so that electrical energy from an outside source (the charger that you plug into the wall or the dynamo in your car) can be applied to the chemical system, and reverse its operation, restoring the battery’s charge. 90005 90004 The Group Sadoway lab at MIT is working on creating more efficient batteries for multiple uses. For large-scale energy storage, the team is working on a liquid metal battery, in which the electrolyte, anode, and cathode are liquid.For portable applications, they are developing a thin-film polymer battery with a flexible electrolyte made of nonflammable gel. Another goal of the lab is to build batteries using previously unconsidered materials, focusing on abundant, cheap and safe substances that have the same commercial potential as popular lithium batteries. 90005 90004 90006 Thanks to 18-year-old Steven Minkus from Glenview, IL, for this question. 90007 90005 90004 Posted: May 1, 2012 90005 .90000 Harry Potter Sorting Hat Quiz: Which House Are You In? 90001 90002 Ever since Harry Potter first donned the Sorting Hat in J.K. Rowling’s wizarding world series, millions of fans have wondered which of the four Houses they would be assigned on their first evening at Hogwarts: Gryffindor, Ravenclaw, Hufflepuff or Slytherin. 90003 90002 [90005 New! 90006 Find Out Who You Really Think Should Win in 90007 Game of Thrones 90008] 90003 90002 Over the years, many sites have aimed to answer that question with multiple-choice quizzes drawn from anecdotes in the seven books.In honor of the 20th anniversary of the first volume’s publication on June 26, we thought it was high time to answer this question more rigorously: by teaming up with social scientists from Cambridge University to create a scientific-based quiz on which House best matches your personality. Now it’s your turn to take the quiz, and find out which House is the closest statistical match to your personality. You’ll also see how well you matched the other three houses. 90003 90002 (For the complete quiz, click here.) 90003 90002 To accomplish this, we worked with the researchers to develop a 21-question quiz compiled from several well-established scientific personality surveys, choosing questions that related to prevalent themes in the books. Over several weeks, we recruited hundreds of Harry Potter fans to take this survey on behalf of 20 different characters from the books, five from each House. The tens of thousands of data points we gathered gave us a detailed portrait of how different personality traits correspond to the personalities of members of each of the four Houses.90003 90002 90005 NEXT: 90006 Find Out Which Harry Potter House Your State Belongs In 90003 90002 In the spirit of many other projects where TIME has partnered with social scientists to allow readers to participate in their research, this quiz invites you to anonymously submit your responses to the researchers, which will contribute data to their studies.90003 90002 It may seem a little unusual to apply the sophisticated field of personality psychology to a fictional universe, but a close reading of the Harry Potter canon — or in many of our cases, several close rereads — suggests something interesting: The Sorting Hat is itself a personality test! So it made perfect sense to try and deconstruct that process into a scientific survey. 90003 90002 Fortunately, there’s a rich body of science devoted to this topic.Unlike the popular Myers-Briggs personality test, which has little proven scientific merit, social scientists have developed a range of personality surveys that are well-researched and show statistically rigorous differences in how people behave. The best-known of these is called the «Big Five» test, which measures five traits: «Openness to experience,» «Conscientiousness,» «Extraversion,» «Agreeableness» and «Neuroticism.» You may recall seeing a condensed version of this survey in TIME’s feature on which state your personality best matches.90003 90002 The 21 questions in the Harry Potter personality quiz are drawn from both the Big Five test and a handful of other well-studied personality inventories that measure other traits that are commonly seen in the Harry Potter novels, like «courage» and «humility. » The survey was assembled by Cambridge psychologists Friedrich Götz and Joe Scott in collaboration with TIME. The data we collected on the personalities of Harry Potter characters, from Harry himself to Professor Snape and Luna Lovegood and many others, shows that there are significant differences in the personality traits of characters from different Houses.90003 90028 Related Stories 90029 90002 When you take this quiz, we analyze your responses and compare them to how closely they match each of the four Houses, using a standard statistical model designed to measure the relationship between datasets.Your affinity for each House is measured independently, so it’s very possible that your personality closely matches two different Houses — a phenomenon that the Sorting Hat itself is well familiar with, given its history of waffling between two Houses when a character’s personality is not an obvious match for one. As many fans have noted, for example, Hermione Granger’s ferocious pursuit of knowledge resembles the studiousness associated with Ravenclaw more than Gryffindor — a puzzlement that Rowling acknowledges on Pottermore.com: «The Sorting Hat spent nearly four minutes trying to decide whether it should place Hermione in Ravenclaw or Gryffindor.» 90003 90002 Note: This quiz is not endorsed or associated with J.K. Rowling, Pottermore Limited or Warner Bros. 90003 90034 Get The Brief. Sign up to receive the top stories you need to know right now.90035 90002 90028 Thank you! 90029 For your security, we’ve sent a confirmation email to the address you entered. Click the link to confirm your subscription and begin receiving our newsletters.If you do not get the confirmation within 10 minutes, please check your spam folder. 90003 90002 90005 Write to 90006 Chris Wilson at [email protected]. 90003 .90000 Other Computer Parts | HowStuffWorks 90001 90002 So what else is inside your computer? We can divide up the guts of a computer into five categories: 90003 90004 90005 Power supplies and batteries 90006 90005 Drives 90006 90005 Modems and Wi-Fi cards 90006 90005 Sound and graphics cards 90006 90005 Cooling systems 90006 90015 90002 The 90017 power supply 90018 component provides a supply of electricity throughout the rest of the computer.When you plug your computer into a power socket, electricity flows from the cord into a shielded box containing a 90017 transformer 90018. The transformer’s job is to convert the incoming electricity into the proper voltage for each part of the machine that needs electricity. If you’re using a laptop, some of that power goes to the laptop’s battery to charge it. When unplugged, a laptop has to rely on the charge inside the battery for its power needs. 90003 90002 Computers have a small battery inside them that’s always on, even when you power down the rest of the computer.This battery helps preserve data stored in a special chip in charge of maintaining information about your computer’s hardware. It also powers a clock, which is why your computer should keep time accurately even if you turn it off or unplug it. 90003 90002 The 90017 drives 90018 in a computer are the devices that let you store and recall data and applications. Most computers have a 90017 hard drive 90018 — either a series of thin 90017 platters 90018 that store information using magnetic recordings or a 90017 solid state 90018 flash hard drive with no moving parts.In either case, the hard drive allows you to store information and applications directly to your computer. 90003 90002 Older computers used 90017 floppy disk drives 90018. Newer computers have optical storage drives like 90017 CD-ROM 90018 or 90017 DVD-ROM 90018 drives. These drives allow you to use media storage devices like compact discs or DVDs with your computer. 90003 90002 90017 Modems 90018 are machines that let computers communicate with other computing systems.Modems are closely related to 90017 wireless cards 90018, which are radio transceivers that can send and receive data through a specific frequency of radio waves. 90003 90002 90017 Sound 90018 and 90017 graphics cards 90018 are pretty self-explanatory. They give your computer the ability to display graphics or play sounds and music. Not all cards are the same — some support more software formats than others. Graphics cards in particular come in a wide variety of specs. 90003 90002 90017 Cooling systems 90018 typically include 90017 heat sinks 90018 and 90017 fans 90018.Overheating can be a serious problem with computers, causing performance to suffer to the point of a system failure in some cases. Heat sinks absorb heat and move it away from critical components. Fans give computers a way to exhaust heat externally. Some computers have more advanced liquid-cooling systems. A water-cooling system uses tubes of flowing water to absorb heat and move it away from critical components. 90003 90002 There you have it. That covers the major elements that are inside a typical computer.Now you do not have to take one apart and look at it yourself. And we get to find out if this computer will still work once we put it back together. 90003 90002 To learn more about computers and other related topics, take a look at the links below. 90003 90066 Related HowStuffWorks Articles 90067 90066 More Great Links 90067 90004 90005 Desktop Computer Reviews and Stuff Guide 90006 90005 Laptop Computer Reviews and Stuff Guide 90006 90015 90002 Sources 90003 90004 90005 «The PC Guide.»April 17, 2001. (Sept. 9, 2008) http://www.pcguide.com/ 90006 90005» PC Tech Guide. «(Sept. 10, 2008) http://www.pctechguide.com/ 90006 90005 Rosenthal, Morris. «Building a Computer — An Illustrated Step by Step Guide.» 2008. (Sept. 10, 2008) http://www.daileyint.com/build/ 90006 90005 White, Ron. «How Computers Work.» QUE Corporation. Sept. 1999. 90006 90015 .